高中英语| 49个基础知识点大汇总
2023-06-30
1. be fond of “喜爱,爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables.
He is fond of his research work.
2. hunt for = look for 寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.
3. in order to/so as to:这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.
She doesn’t care about money.
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
5. such as 意为“诸如……”,“像……”,是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.
6. drop a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7. make yourself at home 别客气;随便;无拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.
(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
(1)How did the accident come about?
(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.
(1) except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如:
①He answered all the questions except the last one.
②We go there every day except Sunday.
(2)except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如:
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
②Your picture is good except for the colours.
(3)但在现代英语中,except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是:
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
(4) 另外,在介词短语之前只能用except,不能用except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
11. end up with 以……告终;以……结束
The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12. more or less 几乎;差不多;大约;大概;大体上
(1) I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.
(2) Our living condition has more or less improved.
(1) We should bring in new technology.
(2) He brings in 800 dollars a month.
(1)The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.
(2)I caught a really big fish but it got away.
(1)Watch out! There is a car coming.
(2)Watch out for the hole in the road.
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.
17. on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等,常说on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面)
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道这份工作报酬不高,但从另一方面来说,我也不必工作太长时间。
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of 代替、取代
20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧;着火;起火”,有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。
set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。
Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.
He took off his wet shoes.
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.
24. go wrong v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障
27. look up 查询(如宾语为代词,则代词放中间)
Look up the word in the dictionary.
相关词组:look for 寻找;look after照顾,照料;look forward to期待;look into调查; look on旁观;look out注意;look out for注意,留心,提防;look over翻阅,查看,检查;look around环视;look through翻阅,查看。
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
We will be on the air in five minutes.
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.
30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.
I think well of your suggestion.
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.
You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.
I haven’t changed or left out a thing.
32. stare at (由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴,睁大眼睛地)凝视,盯着看
Don’t stare at foreigners. It’s impolite.
比较:glare at (to stare angrily at)怒视着
33. make jokes about 就……说笑
They make jokes about my old hat.
have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。
He stopped to have a joke with me.
We played jokes on each other.
They joked about my broken English.
what is good and still useful should be taken over.
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
The peace talks are said to have broken down.
Our truck broke down outside town.
The car broke down halfway to the destination.
Their opposition broke down.
Food is broken down by chemicals.
2)(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3)(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.
I didn't want to go through college.
The law has gone through Parliament.
Their plans went through.
They went through our luggage at the customs.
what is good and still useful should be taken over.
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).
39. “So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的,“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句,则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
He’s tired,and so am I.(=I’ m also tired.)
You can swim,and so can I.(=I can also swim.)
She has had supper,and so can I.(=I’ve had lunch,too.)
Tom speaks English,and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English,too.)
A: I went to the park yesterday.
B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)
40.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序,so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实,语气较强,意思是“确实如此”。
A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。
B:So it was.的确如此。(=Yes,it was.)
A:You seem to like sports.
A:It will be fine tomorrow.
B:So it will.(=Yes ,it will.)
41.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed inmy composition on time.)
42. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时,要表示相同情况,必须使用本句型,不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
43. There you are. 行了,好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。
There you are! Then let's have some coffee.
除此之外,还可以表示“瞧,对吧(果然如此)”的语气。
There you are! I knew we should find it at last.
44. have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难;接名词时,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth.
①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.
45. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”,“对……有某种程度的了解”
①He has a good knowledge of London.
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生,很有趣。
fun “好玩,趣事”,不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
make fun of“取笑”,“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. “可笑的,滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服,看上去很滑稽。
47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型,其中to finish eating everything 是主语,it是形式主语。
(1)直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。
eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般过去时改成过去完成时)
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”
He said they hadn’t finished their homework.
(2)在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:
Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
(3)直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如:
He said, “Can you run, Mike?”
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
(4)直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) (not) to do sth.”句型。如:
“Pass me the water, please.”said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
(5)直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如:
She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
现在进行时表将来的动作,谓语通常为瞬间动词。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
(1)用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的,按计划或安排要发生的动作。
(2)现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于:前者通常用瞬间动词(有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
The train is arriving soon.
(3)用现在进行时表示将来的时间,在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
(4)现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于:前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的,而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情,因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
What are you doing next Friday?
The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.
飞机今晚七点半起飞。
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